@Article{LesaMJVRBAK:2020:DeHiCo,
               author = "Lesa, Douglas and Morard, Rapha{\"e}l and Jonkers, Lukas and 
                         Ven{\^a}ncio, Igor Martins and Reuter, Runa and Baumeister, 
                         Adrian and Albuquerque, Ana Luiza and Kucera, Michal",
          affiliation = "{University of Bremen} and {University of Bremen} and {University 
                         of Bremen} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} 
                         and {University of Bremen} and {University of Bremen} and 
                         {Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF)} and {University of 
                         Bremen}",
                title = "Distribution of planktonic foraminifera in the subtropical South 
                         Atlantic: depth hierarchy of controlling factors",
              journal = "Biogeosciences",
                 year = "2020",
               volume = "17",
               number = "16",
                pages = "4313--4342",
                month = "Aug.",
             abstract = ". Temperature appears to be the best predictor of species 
                         composition of planktonic foraminifera communities, making it 
                         possible to use their fossil assemblages to reconstruct sea 
                         surface temperature (SST) variation in the past. However, the role 
                         of other environmental factors potentially modulating the spatial 
                         and vertical distribution of planktonic foraminifera species is 
                         poorly understood. This is especially relevant for environmental 
                         factors affecting the subsurface habitat. If such factors play a 
                         role, changes in the abundance of subsurface-dwelling species may 
                         not solely reflect SST variation. In order to constrain the effect 
                         of subsurface parameters on species composition, we here 
                         characterize the vertical distribution of living planktonic 
                         foraminifera community across an eastwest transect through the 
                         subtropical South Atlantic Ocean, where SST variability was small, 
                         but the subsurface water mass structure changed dramatically. Four 
                         planktonic foraminifera communities could be identified across the 
                         top 700 m of the transect. Gyre and Agulhas Leakage surface faunas 
                         were predominantly composed of Globigerinoides ruber, 
                         Globigerinoides tenellus, Trilobatus sacculifer, 
                         Globoturborotalita rubescens, Globigerinella calida, Tenuitella 
                         iota, and Globigerinita glutinata, and these only differed in 
                         terms of relative abundances (community composition). Upwelling 
                         fauna was dominated by Neogloboquadrina pachyderma, 
                         Neogloboquadrina incompta, Globorotalia crassaformis, and 
                         Globorotalia inflata. Thermocline fauna was dominated by 
                         Tenuitella fleisheri, Globorotalia truncatulinoides, and 
                         Globorotalia scitula in the west and by G. scitula only in the 
                         east. The largest part of the standing stock was consistently 
                         found in the surface layer, but SST was not the main predictor of 
                         species composition either for the depth-integrated fauna across 
                         the stations or at individual depth layers. Instead, we identified 
                         a pattern of vertical stacking of different parameters controlling 
                         species composition, reflecting different aspects of the pelagic 
                         habitat. Whereas productivity appears to dominate in the mixed 
                         layer (060 m), physical properties (temperature, salinity) become 
                         important at intermediate depths and in the subsurface, a complex 
                         combination of factors including oxygen concentration is required 
                         to explain the assemblage composition. These results indicate that 
                         the seemingly straightforward relationship between assemblage 
                         composition and SST in sedimentary assemblages reflects vertically 
                         and seasonally integrated processes that are only indirectly 
                         linked to SST. It also implies that fossil assemblages of 
                         planktonic foraminifera should also contain a signature of 
                         subsurface processes, which could be used for paleoceanographic 
                         reconstructions.",
                  doi = "10.5194/bg-17-4313-2020",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4313-2020",
                 issn = "1726-4170",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "lessa_distribution.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "10 maio 2024"
}